new horizons in the studies of islamic philosophy

muslim philosophers have since their long history encountered lots of severe surges of doubts and oppositions, so they did their best to remove them all through deep investigation which brought about the progress of islamic philosophy both in quantity and quality. muslim philosophers were sometimes challenged by such questions as, determinism, the temporal creation of the world, the otherness of divine attributes than his holy essence, the denial of the final cause, the denial of necessity and proposing the idea of priority instead, that god can be seen, the denial of intellectual (essential) good and evil and proposing the divine command theory which would affect the divine justice, and so on. such issues along with new isms would go like hot cakes for a while challenging muslim philosophers who on their own behalf fought against atheistic modernism. now and in a new guise it is post-modernism’s turn to chant the slogan of relativism and pluralism denying the impartiality of the intellect. having believed in nothing (nihilism) rejecting the belief in progress, post-modernism embraces different and contrary ethnic cultures as true. within such situation, once more new horizons are opened for the muslim philosophers expected to do deeper wider researches.